The company was funded by MI6. Seumas Milne, The Enemy Within: The Secret War Against the Miners, Verso, 2004, p.222. The result was that in general, pensioners received about half of their company pension entitlement. [63] This replenishment was limited and also supported by a surplus in the printers' fund, which was taken by the government in part payment of £100 million required to support the workers' state pensions. Seymour Hersh, The Sampson Option, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.312. He personally edited a piece by the paper's industrial editor, Geoffrey Goodman, which appeared on 26 July 1984, retitling it with Thatcher's phrase, 'The Enemy Within'. [45], A hint of Maxwell's service to Israel was provided by John Loftus and Mark Aarons, who described Maxwell's contacts with Czechoslovak communist leaders in 1948 as crucial to the Czechoslovak decision to arm Israel in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. They tend to be too independent. In July 1984, Maxwell acquired Mirror Group Newspapers, the publisher of six British newspapers, including the Daily Mirror, from Reed International plc. Seumas Milne, The Enemy Within: The Secret War Against the Miners, Verso, 2004, p.235. Wilson and the Secret State, Fourth Estate Limited, 1991, p.18-19. Photo: Youtube. In 1951, he bought three-quarters of Butterworth-Springer, a minor publisher; the remaining quarter was held by the experienced scientific editor Paul Rosbaud. He was litigious and often embroiled in controversy. [12], Shortly after this, Maxwell was approached by Dickie Franks, then head of MI6's DP4 section, in charge of recruiting visitors to the Eastern Bloc. Stephen Dorril and Robin Ramsay, Smear! However, the Daily Mail published a photograph of Davies in Ohio in 1985 with the wife of an arms-dealer. ... "the suspicion grew later in MI6 and MI5 that Maxwell could not be trusted. [32] Meanwhile, at a meeting of Maxwell's new employees, Mirror journalist Joe Haines asserted that he was able to prove that their boss "is a crook and a liar". [51][53] Maxwell's naked body was recovered from the Atlantic Ocean and taken to Las Palmas. Maxwell began his career as an interrogation officer for the British army at the Bad Salzuflen Headquarters in the British occupied zone of Germany right after World War 2, where he was interrogating German scientists. Michael never regained consciousness and died seven years later.[14][15][16][17]. Galloway referred to Maxwell as "one of the worst criminals of the century". Their father, Robert Maxwell - MI6, KGB & Mossad whose "body was discovered floating in the Atlantic Ocean, fallen overboard from his yacht" [18] They changed the name of the company to Pergamon Press and rapidly built it into a major publishing house. [19], KGB defector Oleg Gordievsky believed that at one point Maxwell was being manipulated as a Soviet 'publicity agent', but admitted that he was widely regarded in Soviet intelligence as a British spy. Later in his life, Maxwell had become increasingly paranoid of his own employees and had the offices of those he suspected of disloyalty wired so he could hear their conversations. Евреи в войнах тысячелетий. [52], On 4 November 1991, Maxwell had an argumentative phone call with his son Kevin over a meeting scheduled with the Bank of England on Maxwell's default on £50,000,000 in loans. British intelligence officers suspected that Robert Maxwell, the disgraced publisher, was a Soviet agent, according to Foreign Office papers which have just been released. Vanunu was subsequently kidnapped by Mossad and smuggled to Israel, convicted of treason and imprisoned for eighteen years. Maxwell bought into Derby County in 1987. In 1991, his body was discovered floating in the Atlantic Ocean, having apparently fallen overboard from his yacht. [43], Maxwell was buried in Jerusalem on the Mount of Olives. MintPress speaks with Ari Ben-Menashe, a former Israeli spy who worked closely with Robert Maxwell, Ghislaine Maxwell’s father, as part of their work with Israeli military intelligence and had frequent encounters with Jeffrey Epstein. There were at least two post mortems on … Stephen Dorril and Robin Ramsay, Smear! [13], During the 1959 general election, Maxwell was the target of a whispering campaign directed at his Jewish origins and his trips to Eastern Europe. (Pergamon Press edition published 1984). Judge Thayne Forbes in September 1971 was critical of the inquiry: "They had moved from an inquisitorial role to accusatory one and virtually committed the business murder of Mr. [22] The paper was later purchased by Australian tycoon Rupert Murdoch, who later that year acquired The Sun, which had also previously interested Maxwell. At the beginning of 1969, it emerged that Maxwell's attempt to buy the tabloid newspaper News of the World had failed. MI6 gave Hoch the name Robert Maxwell. He also owned a half-share of MTV in Europe and other European television interests, Maxwell Cable TV and Maxwell Entertainment. [46], The Foreign Office suspected that Maxwell was a secret agent of a foreign government, possibly a double agent or a triple agent, and "a thoroughly bad character and almost certainly financed by Russia". The Israeli establishment was strongly represented at the ceremony, with President Chaim Herzog giving an oration. [67], Czechoslovak-born British media proprietor and Member of Parliament, For other people named Robert Maxwell, see, Maxwell at the Global Economic Panel in Amsterdam (1989), Aftermath: theft of pension funds and collapse of a publishing empire. Seymour Hersh, The Sampson Option, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.314. "I tried having male assistants at first. Maxwell must have been vetted by MI5 and MI6 before he was given his knighthood by the Queen. Maxwell's death triggered a flood of instability for his publishing empire, with banks frantically calling in their massive loans. Maxwell was also the chairman of Oxford United, saving them from bankruptcy and attempting to merge them with Reading in 1983 to form a club he wished to call "Thames Valley Royals". “Right,” Maxwell told the Pergamon board the day he won the battle. This page was last edited on 10 March 2021, at 21:37. [65] Having earned her degree from Oxford University in 1981, Elisabeth devoted much of her later life to continued research on the Holocaust and worked as a proponent of Jewish-Christian dialogue. Seumas Milne, The Enemy Within: The Secret War Against the Miners, Verso, 2004, p.227. [55] Murder was ruled out by the judge and, in effect, so was suicide. [17], In 1968, Maxwell travelled to Moscow and secretly met KGB head Yuri Andropov. Ghislaine Maxwell was a British socialite and was allegedly Epstein’s madam and girl. "[48], Shortly before Maxwell's death, a former employee of Israel's Military Intelligence Directorate, Ari Ben-Menashe, approached a number of news organisations in Britain and the US with the allegation that Maxwell and the Daily Mirror's foreign editor, Nicholas Davies, were both long-time agents for Mossad. [21], It is notable that Pergamon published a 1984 book on Soviet covert action, Dezinformatsia which featured an extensive discussion of the International Department's role. [4] Maxwell's work sometimes took him into the Russian sector, a fact which, according to Robin Ramsay and Stephen Dorril, exposed him to rumours about his loyalty. RUPERT SOAMES Seumas Milne, The Enemy Within: The Secret War Against the Miners, Verso, 2004, p.231. After asking if Pattinson was sure of the facts, Maxwell told him to run with it. Its authors praised Maxwell's son Kevin, Pergamon's director of publishing, for "his enthusiasm, encouragement and support" and for his attention to the subject "in this book and other projected volumes on Soviet "active measures"."[22]. Maxwell missed the meeting, instead travelling to his yacht, the Lady Ghislaine, in the Canary Islands. In 1989, Maxwell had to sell successful businesses, including Pergamon Press, to cover some of his debts. Seumas Milne, The Enemy Within: The Secret War Against the Miners, Verso, 2004, pp.229-230. Марк Штейнберг. Seumas Milne, The Enemy Within: The Secret War Against the Miners, Verso, 2004, p.56. [30] The company performed poorly under Steinberg; Maxwell reacquired Pergamon in 1974 after borrowing funds.[31]. Seumas Milne, The Enemy Within: The Secret War Against the Miners, Verso, 2004, pp.221-222. A video of the second autopsy (the real one, for his life assurance) was made in Israel and was the subject of extensive coverage in the French magazine Paris Match in January 1992. Robert Maxwell rebounded — again, by dint of some shady fiscal maneuvering. [49] Besides a "graze to his left shoulder", there were no noticeable wounds on Maxwell's body. Parliamentary privilege allows MPs to ask questions in Parliament without risk of being sued for defamation. Ian Robert Maxwell MC (born Ján Ludvík Hyman Binyamin Hoch; 10 June 1923 – 5 November 1991) was a British media proprietor, Member of Parliament (MP), suspected spy, and fraudster. Twenty minutes earlier he … Maxwell was born as Jan Ludvik Hoch into a an orthodox Jewish family in Slatinske Doly in Czechoslovakia in 1923.. Maxwell lost his family in the holocaust. Early in his life, Maxwell, an Orthodox Jew, escaped from Nazi occupation, joined the Czechoslovak Army in exile during World War II and was decorated after active service in the British Army. [2], Maxwell lost his family in the holocaust. ROBERT MAXWELL. [34], In June 1985 Maxwell announced a takeover of Clive Sinclair's ailing home computer company, Sinclair Research, through Hollis Brothers, a Pergamon subsidiary. His name was Ján Ludvík Hyman Binyamin Hoch. He even managed to convince MI6 to back his book business that began his publishing career. Hersh's claims were repeated by MPs Rupert Allason and George Galloway in Parliament allowing the media to report them. Though he would rise to wealth and prominence as … The Maxwell companies filed for bankruptcy protection in 1992. [33] This led to the famous media war between Maxwell and Murdoch, the proprietor of the News of the World and The Sun. The murder of British media magnate Robert Maxwell was MI6's most costly blunder (for Cap'n Bob's pensioners at least). However, editor Richard Stott held the story for further investigation. Fall: The Mystery of Robert Maxwell by John Preston review. After Maxwell's death, the tapes remained in Pole's suitcase and were discovered by the researchers only in 2007.[61]. Seamus Milne records that he was 'notably conciliatory' in Parliament about the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia that year. p. 227. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIchbiah1997 (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Robert Maxwell's sons speak out about their fraudster father", "A Notorious Fraud – the Robert Maxwell Farrago", "Robert Maxwell, 68: From Refugee to the Ruthless Builder of a Publishing Empire", "Ludvík Hoch (Maxwell) in the database of Central Military Archive in Prague", "Long Before Ghislaine Maxwell Disappeared, Her Mogul Father Died Mysteriously", "AT LUNCH WITH: Elisabeth Maxwell; Questions Without Answers", "Free Research Papers – Information Intelligence, 1991", "Maxwell was a monster - but much more, too", "1969: Murdoch wins Fleet Street foothold", "Murdoch conclusion stirs memories of his old foe Maxwell", "FO Suspected Maxwell Was a Russian Agent, Papers Reveal", Gideon's Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad, "Maxwell's Legacy Of Money Troubles Maxwell's Own, "Autopsy Indicates Maxwell Did Not Drown", "The Media Business; Maxwell Is Buried In Jerusalem", "Israel gives Maxwell farewell fit for hero", "George Galloway sheds light on Maxwell family and its links to Jeffrey Epstein", "Maxwell, Colossus Even in Death, Laid to Rest on Mount of Olives", "Maxwell's Mirror Group Has $727.5 Million Loss", Chapter 11: Major Corporate Governance Failures, Betty, Robert Maxwell's widow, dies aged 92, "Ghislaine Maxwell, confidante of Jeffrey Epstein, arrested on federal charges", "There's No News Like Fake News: Tomorrow Never Dies Today", "Suchet in title role of BBC Two's Maxwell", Department of Trade and Industry report on Maxwell's purchase of the Mirror Group, "Pension plunderer Robert Maxwell remembered 20 years after his death", contributions in Parliament by Robert Maxwell, Opinion piece about the pension fund in the, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Maxwell&oldid=1011433934, Burials at the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives, Jews who immigrated to the United Kingdom to escape Nazism, Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from June 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Maxwell was used as inspiration for the villainous media baron Elliot Carver in the 1997 James Bond film, In the 1992 final series of British sitcom.